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| English | Ancient Language |
|---|---|
| a melencholy dream of great beauty, also the elves’ homeland | alalëa |
| a, an | aí |
| air, wind | vindr |
| all (may be shortened to al when used as a prefix, as in albitr) | allr |
| am | eddyr |
| an, a | aí |
| and | un |
| apple | hald |
| are | eru |
| arm | vaupna |
| armor | hernskja |
| arrow | oro |
| as | nen |
| ask/beg, to cry | bidja |
| awaken | vakna |
| awry; wandering | vrangr |
| back (n.) | bak, hrygr |
| back adv. (you go back) | aptr |
| bad | illr, vandr |
| bad hunger, burrow grubs | íllgrathr |
| badly | illa |
| ball, round object | böllr |
| banish | aurboda |
| bat (n.); the ra’zac’s mounts (literally, “leather-flapper”) | lethrblaka |
| be | waíse |
| be drowned | drukna |
| be silent | theyna |
| bear | artos, beor |
| beautiful | nuanen |
| become | verda |
| become pale | blinkna |
| before, in front of | framvír |
| beg/ask, to cry | bidja |
| big king | galbatorix |
| big | galba |
| bind or hold in place; confine | malthinae |
| bird native to vroengard island (literally “shadow-flapper”) | sundavrblaka |
| birth | burthr |
| bite | bita |
| biter | bitr |
| black | svartr |
| blade | blädrn |
| blanket, cloth | nagz |
| blasted, withered | nangoröth |
| blood | blödh |
| blood-oath | blödhren |
| blood-oath celebration (held once in a century to honor the original pact between elves and dragons) | agaetí blödhren |
| bloodwolf | blödhgarm |
| bond of trust | yawë |
| bowl, drinking cup | skal |
| branch | kvïstr |
| break, hit | jierda |
| bright | bjartr |
| brightscales | bjartskular |
| brightsteel | bjartstál |
| bring together, unite | gath |
| broad | äenora, boetk |
| brother | darmthrell |
| brow | brun |
| brush scrub | ethilnadras |
| burn | eldrvarí |
| burrow grubs, bad hunger | íllgrathr |
| but | mar |
| cactus found near helgrind | talos |
| calf of the leg | kalfí |
| carry, report | flutningr |
| casket, chest | karst |
| catch | kodthr |
| celebration | agaetí |
| celebratory | agaetra |
| change | moi |
| chant, sing | gala |
| chest, casket | karst |
| city | dras |
| clever, cunning | sláegr |
| cloth, blanket | nagz |
| come | kausta |
| compress; thrust | thringa |
| confine; to bind or hold in place | malthinae |
| create | malthinae |
| cripple | togira |
| cripple who is whole, the | togira ikonoka |
| crust | hrúthr |
| cry (to beg/ask) | bidja |
| cunning, clever | sláegr |
| cut (v.) | kverst |
| damp, mist, wet, moist | akr, rakr |
| dart, spear | daert |
| daughter | dautr |
| day | dag |
| day, hallowed | dagshelgr |
| deadly poison, a | skilna bragh |
| deaf | daufr |
| death | andlát, baní, dauthí, freohr |
| death friend (a poisonous mushroom) | fricai andlát |
| death spear: name given to the lances the elves made for killing dragons | dauthdaert |
| delay | dvelja |
| desire | threyja |
| die | andask, deyja |
| dis-, the negative prefix | u |
| disease, injury, harm | mïnen |
| dispel, scatter | vaetna |
| do | ach |
| dominance | domia |
| dominance of fate (book) | domia abr wyrda |
| door | hurdh |
| dragon (literally, “scale-flapper”) | skulblaka |
| dragon rider | shur’tugal |
| dragon-like creatures that live in the sea, related to the fanghur | nïdhwal |
| dream | draumr |
| drinking cup, bowl | skal |
| dry (v.) | thurra |
| dull, to dull something | gëuloth |
| dumb | dúmbr |
| dwarf | dvergr |
| ear | eyra |
| early | ár |
| earth, soil | deloi |
| elf | älfa |
| elf friend | vinr älfakyn |
| elves, the race of | älfakyn |
| empty | eyddr |
| enchantment, spell | galdr |
| enemy | fjandí |
| entrap | taelda |
| eye | auga |
| fabric made by cross-weaving wool and nettle threads (similar in construction to linsey woolsey, but of higher quality) | lámarae |
| family; house | breoal |
| fate | wyrda |
| feather | fethr |
| field | vollr |
| fight (v.) | verrunsmal |
| find | finna |
| fire | brisingr, istalrí |
| flameless lanterns both the elves and the dwarves use (named after the elf who invented them) | erisdar |
| flapper | blaka |
| floater | flautr |
| float | flautja |
| flowers | fëon |
| fly (v.) | flauga |
| follow | tauthr |
| fools’ wisdom | orothrim |
| for | wiol |
| forest | welden |
| forgetfulness | vergathos |
| forsworn, the | wyrdfell |
| forward | fram |
| fragment of a word that eragon never finished saying | mäe- |
| friend | fricai, vinr |
| from | fra |
| gate | grind |
| gates of death, the | helgrind |
| gift (n.) | förn |
| go | gánga |
| go; leave | eitha |
| goat | hafr |
| gold | kuldr |
| good fortune | esterní |
| grasp for oneself | thrífask |
| grasp, seize | thrífa |
| great king of warriors | vercingetorix |
| green-leafed plant with purple flowers | delois |
| greetings | kvetha |
| grow | eldhrimner |
| guard, ward | vard |
| guardians, warders | varden |
| hall | hjall |
| hallowed day | dagshelgr |
| halt; stop | blöthr |
| gammer, stone crag | hamarr |
| hand | lam |
| happiness | ilian |
| happy | ilia |
| harden | herdtha |
| harm | haina, mïnen |
| harm, injury, disease | mïnen |
| have, possess | hávr |
| he (m. elf) | älfr |
| heal, healed | heill |
| healed, heal | heill |
| hear, listen | hórna |
| hearth | hjarta |
| heart of hearts, the; the gem-like stone wherein the dragons can store their consciousness | eldunarí |
| heat (v.) | verma |
| height | haedh |
| hide (v.) | frethya |
| hit, break | jierda |
| hold | huildr |
| hole in ice | vök |
| honor | celöbra |
| honorific for a close male friend, suffix attached with a hyphen | vor |
| honorific for a young man of great promise, suffix attached with a hyphen | finiarel |
| honorific of great praise, gender-neutral suffix attached with a hyphen | elda |
| honorific of middling praise for a man, suffix attached with a hyphen | vodhr |
| honorific, formal, for a woman of great wisdom | svit-kona |
| hound (n.) | garm |
| house; family | breoal |
| humble | midhring |
| hunger | grathr |
| i | eka |
| ice | svell |
| ice-hole | vök |
| illuminator, light-bringer | islingr |
| illusion | dreyma |
| in | unin |
| in-, the negative prefix | u |
| in front of, before | framvír |
| injury, harm, disease | mïnen |
| intend | algara |
| invoke | ethgrí |
| is | er |
| is lacking | vanta |
| is whole | ikonoka |
| it | thäet |
| its | vér |
| kill | vergarí |
| killer | vergandí |
| king | könungr |
| king of killers | orgetorix |
| knife | knífr |
| know | kenna |
| ladies | ementyr |
| lasting, strong | drjugr |
| leaf | lauf |
| leaf’s -blade | laufsblädr |
| leather | lethr |
| leather-flapper; a bat; the ra’zac’s mounts | lethrblaka |
| leave; go | eitha |
| let | atra |
| life | líf |
| light-bringer, illuminator | islingr |
| light | garjzla |
| lightning | kveykva |
| lily, blue, deep-throated that grows in the empire | loivissa |
| lip balm, mixture of beeswax and hazelnut oil used to moisten the skin | nalgask |
| liqueur, elven | faelnirv |
| listen, hear | hórna |
| little | litil |
| live | lífa |
| lock | laesa |
| look | sja |
| lord | daéda |
| love | ástar |
| luck | guliä |
| mad | orr |
| magic | vanyalí |
| make bright | naina |
| marked | fódhr |
| master | ebrithil |
| may | sé |
| me | edtha |
| mean | mulabra |
| memory | manin |
| metal | malmr |
| mind | hugr |
| misery | zar’roc |
| misfortune | rauthr |
| mist, wet, moist, damp | akr, rakr |
| mists | datia |
| mix | blanda |
| mixture of beeswax and hazelnut oil used to moisten the skin | nalgask |
| moist, wet, mist, damp | akr, rakr |
| more | frëma |
| morning star, the | aiedail |
| mortal | dauthleikr |
| mother | menoa |
| mountain | fell |
| mourning sage | osthato chetowä |
| mourning | osthato |
| move, movement | sharjalví |
| movement, move | sharjalví |
| my (formal) | pömnuria |
| my (informal) | iet |
| myself (only form) | ietdar |
| name | nam |
| names | namar |
| night | dwerva |
| night pine; the trees that grow in the beor mountains | dwerva thindr |
| no | né |
| not | néiat |
| nothingness, the void | und |
| oak | ekar |
| oath or word | eïnradhin |
| oath | ren |
| oats | hafrí |
| of | abr |
| on, onto | äthr |
| onto, on | äthr |
| open | ládrin |
| orb, a round object | böllr |
| orchid | niernen |
| organization of elves dedicated to the preservation of their songs and poems | äthalvard |
| over | arúnd |
| pain | verkr |
| palm | gedwëy |
| pardon | elthrimórno |
| passage, path | gata |
| path, passage | gata |
| peace | mor’ranr |
| picture taken by magical means on a shingle of slate | fairth |
| pinch, squeeze | kremja |
| pine tree | thindr |
| place (n.) | ília |
| place of sorrow (baen—used here and in urû’baen, the capital of the empire—is always pronounced bane and is an expression of great sadness/grief) | ristvak’baen |
| poem, song | rune |
| poet | skald |
| poetic | kvaedhí |
| poetic script | liduen kvaedhí |
| possess, have | hávr |
| princess (roughly; it’s not an exact translation) | dröttningu |
| project, stick out | skaga |
| prominence or tor | edur |
| promontory | skagí |
| protect | vardi |
| pulling | drahtr |
| queen | dröttning |
| quiet | maela |
| ra’zac’s mounts; a bat (literally, “leather-flapper”) | lethrblaka |
| race of people | kynn |
| rain | thringa |
| raise | reisa |
| reduce | brakka |
| release | losna |
| remain, stay | sitja |
| report, carry | flutningr |
| rest | stydja |
| rider and dragon where the dragon has suffered body death but continues to live on in their heart of hearts | indlvarn |
| right (n.) | raehta |
| rise | rïsa |
| rock, stone | stenr |
| round object, orb | böllr |
| rune | vald |
| rule over | thelduin |
| ruler | valdr |
| run | hlaupa |
| sage, wise man | chetowä |
| scale | skul |
| scale-flapper, dragon | skulblaka |
| scatter, dispel | vaetna |
| scintillating | delling |
| script, writing (n.) | liduen |
| sea | vaer |
| seaweed, brown, free-floating with gas-filled bladders along the joints of its branching stem | vaer ethilnadras |
| see | sjon |
| seize, grasp | thrífa |
| serpent, wyrm | orúm |
| shadow | sundavr |
| shadow-flapper, bird native to vroengard island | sundavrblaka |
| sharp | hvass |
| she (f. elf) | älfinn |
| sheath, shell | skálpr |
| shell, sheath | skálpr |
| shield | skölir |
| sheilded | sköliro |
| shine | ignasia |
| shining palm | gedwëy ignasia |
| shining, white | bleikr |
| shirt | skyrta |
| shut ones eyes | blunda |
| sigh | silbena |
| sight | sven |
| silent | hljödhr |
| silver | arget |
| silver hand | argetlam |
| sing, chant | gala |
| sky | lotha |
| sleep | slytha |
| slow | vëoht |
| smooth | lunaea |
| snail | snal |
| snails, giants that live on vroengard | snalglí |
| soft from being cooked with liquid | blautr |
| soil, earth | deloi |
| son of justice | rextugenos |
| song | söngr |
| song, poem | rune |
| sorrow | harmr |
| sound | sund |
| sound, sharp and cleaving, like that of cracking stone, but also can mean to make such a sound | titlingr |
| speak | thorta |
| spear, dart | daert |
| spell, enhancement | galdr |
| splendor | ellesméra |
| spring (the season) | vara |
| squeeze, pinch | kremja |
| star | evarína, stjarna |
| stare | kópa |
| stay, remain | sitja |
| steel | stál |
| stick out, project | skaga |
| stick | keppr |
| stone crag, hammer | hamarr |
| stone, rock | stenr |
| stop | letta |
| stop; halt | blöthr |
| storm-cleaver | vervada |
| strong | ramr |
| strong, lasting | drjugr |
| sun | solus |
| swear | otherúm |
| sword | sverd |
| take possession of | taka |
| taunt | skuta |
| temper, tempering | tuatha |
| tempering the fool’s wisdom (level in riders’ training) | tuatha du orothrim |
| tempering, temper | tuatha |
| than | thön |
| thank | elrun |
| that | sem |
| the | du |
| the banishing of the names | du namar aurboda |
| the blasted mountains | du fells nángoröth |
| the burning plains | du völlar eldrvarya |
| the death of the shadows | du sundavar freohr |
| the dragon war | du fyrn skulblaka |
| the guarding forest | du weldenvarden |
| “the sighing mists” (a poem song) | “du silbena datia” |
| the wandering path | du vrangr gata |
| their | theirra |
| then | thae |
| there | thar |
| they | therr |
| thicken | thaefathan |
| thin, straight stick | vöndr |
| this | thornessa |
| thorn | thin |
| thornapple | haldthin |
| those | thorna |
| thought | hügin |
| throw | thrautha |
| thrust; compress | thringa |
| to put forth | fortha |
| to | eom |
| tor or prominence | edur |
| traverse | thverr |
| tree | traevam |
| true | ilumaro |
| truth | ilumëo |
| un-, the negative prefix | o and u |
| unconquerable | edoc’sil |
| under | undir |
| unite, bring together | gath |
| up | audr |
| upon | vel |
| us | nosu |
| vine, a type of | lianí |
| void, nothingness | und |
| walrus | hröslvalhr |
| wandering; awry | vrangr |
| war | fyrn |
| ward, guard | vard |
| warders, guardians | varden |
| warp | orpin |
| warped | orpinn |
| was | ero |
| watch over | varda |
| water | adurna |
| we | vae |
| welcome | astorí |
| were | erní |
| wet, moist, mist, damp | akr, rakr |
| whale | hwal |
| what | hvat |
| white | hvitr |
| white, shining | bleikr |
| will | weohnata |
| wind, air | vindr |
| wing | vaengr |
| wise man, sage | chetowä |
| wise | svit |
| with | medh, oth |
| withered, blasted | nangoröth |
| without | laust |
| woman | kona |
| word or oath | eïnradhin |
| would | weohnataí |
| writing (n.), script | liduen |
| wyrm, serpent | orúm |
| you | ono |
| your | onr |
